emulsifier in chocolate

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  • Carrageenan is extracted from several species of red algae, primarily Chondrus crispus (Irish moss) and Eucheuma cottonii. The extraction process involves boiling the seaweed, followed by filtration and drying to obtain a fine powder. There are three main types of carrageenan kappa, iota, and lambda. Each type has unique gelling properties and is used for different purposes. Kappa carrageenan forms a strong gel in the presence of potassium ions, making it ideal for dairy products. Iota carrageenan, on the other hand, creates softer gels and is typically used in puddings and sauces. Lambda carrageenan does not gel but is an excellent thickening agent, often used in salad dressings and sauces.


  • E425, commonly known as Glyceryl Polyrinoleate, is derived from various natural sources, primarily from vegetable oils. It serves as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food products, helping to blend ingredients that typically do not mix well, such as oil and water. This property is particularly valuable in creating textures that enhance the sensory experience of food. The additive is mainly recognized for its ability to improve the consistency and shelf life of various processed foods.


  • Biochar is created from a variety of biomass sources, including agricultural residues, forestry by-products, and even municipal organic waste. The process of pyrolysis not only reduces the volume of biomass waste but also transforms it into a carbon-rich product that can be sequestered in soil for hundreds to thousands of years. Its high porosity and surface area make biochar an excellent medium for retaining water and nutrients, which are crucial for plant growth.


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